As a custom home architect specializing in contemporary design, one of the most frequent misunderstandings I encounter has to do with architectural styles - namely, the difference between “modern” and “contemporary” style homes.
Many clients come to me looking for a “modern style house,” only to realize that after discussing their vision in more depth, what they are truly after is a contemporary-style residence.
The confusion of verbiage is understandable - we use “modern” to describe anything current or en vogue (“modern man”, “modern family”, “modern life”). Even home magazines and architecture articles often use terms interchangeably when discussing design and showcasing homes. But when it comes to architectural styles, ‘modern’ and ‘contemporary’ refer to distinct design eras, ideologies, and aesthetics, especially to an architect.
Sure, it’s semantics - but is it?
Why does it matter how you describe your style preferences? How do you choose between a modern or contemporary architectural style for your custom home?
At a minimum, you might miscommunicate with your architect as you try to describe your abstract vision of your ideal home. But most importantly, without understanding what defines each style - their origins, philosophies, visual trademarks, and functionality considerations - you risk a) hiring an architect who specializes in an architectural style that does not reflect your personal values, style, or personality and b) making design decisions that are unsuitable for your needs and your lifestyle.
With this blog post, my goal is to demystify modern versus contemporary home design styles so you can make aesthetically and functionally-aligned decisions for your own home. By understanding the contrasts, you gain clarity and vocabulary to communicate your custom home aspirations with your partner, design professionals, and builder.
Let’s explore what sets contemporary architecture apart from its modern architectural predecessor. Think about what resonates with you as you envision your dream home!
defining distinct architectural eras
Modern Architecture: A 20th Century Design Revolution
Modern architecture originated in the early 20th century alongside a progressive social movement which revolutionized art, literature, and many cultural aspects of society. Modernism rejected traditional rules and embraced a new expression, experimentation, enlightenment, and social equality. The modern architectural movement was pioneered by leading architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, to name a few.
Modernist architects sought to reinvent design, focusing on functionality and efficiency of space, using new industrial materials and construction methods made possible by technological innovations, advancements in engineering, and mass production. For the first time, there was a universal design language.
Key hallmarks of modern architectural style are:
Time Period: Early to mid/late 1900s. So in fact, the modern architectural style is as much a "historical style" as classical style or any other style of the past.
Philosophy & Ideology: Reflecting progress and equality, embracing technology and innovation. Rejecting historical styles and ornamentation in favor of minimalism - “Less is more”; Focusing on function and comfort through pure forms - "Form follows function" - Louis Sullivan.
Character & Materials: Simple, minimal, asymmetrical, clean lines that emphasize horizontality or verticality, strong geometrical shapes, cantilevers, flat roofs, and open floor plans enabling larger spaces. Celebrated form, space, light, and the honest expression of materials and their capabilities. Abundant use of mass-produced industrial materials like concrete, steel, and glass. Floor to ceiling glass allows ample natural light, airflow, and connection to the outdoors.
Contrast to previous architecture: Modern style was a conscious departure from the elitist and opulent spaces of the previous era of Victorian architecture, characterized by symmetry, brick exteriors, steep pitch roofs, intricate stained glass windows, sash set windows with small panes of glass or divided lites; decorative moldings, ornamental carvings and details that showcased craftsmanship and wealth. Interiors were rich and layered, just like their couture - wallpaper with bold patterns and florals, rich colors and jewel tones, natural materials like silk and marble; ostentatious draperies, etc.
Famous Examples of Modern style residential architecture: Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright, Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe, Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier, Glass House by Philip Johnson.
The Mid-Century Modern (MCM) style which became popular in the 1950’s, was in many ways a reaction to the starkness of early modern architecture. MCM incorporated natural materials like wood, clay tile, and brick to add warmth. Later, Postmodern and International styles further evolved.
Contemporary Architecture: Blending Old and New
The contemporary architectural style emerged as a successor to modern architecture at the end of the 20th century and continues to the present day. Although contemporary architecture does not follow a strict aesthetic style, it seeks to soften some of modernism's austere tendencies while emphasizing simple lines and forms.
Although many contemporary architects are loath to classify their work as any particular style, they may draw inspiration from historical styles (including the modern style) and often mix visual characteristics of various styles to create a cocktail that fits the current context. So, while a contemporary home may be of a "modern style," it can also reference a traditional style.
Hallmarks of contemporary house style:
Time Period: 1980’s, 2000 to today. As the name suggests, contemporary style is the current style practiced today.
Ideology: Energy efficiency became an important topic after the energy crisis of the early 1970s. Architects respond to the call to action to be sensitive to the planet, design for the climate, and use fewer resources to build and operate homes. Promotion of vernacular architecture as more appropriate for different climates. Sustainability and environmental consciousness are at the forefront of the contemporary architectural movement.
Character & Materials: An eclectic blend of historical interpretations and progressive design. Aesthetically, juxtaposition plays an important role in contemporary architecture. Innovative use of geometric shapes and asymmetrical compositions. Combines elements of modernist style with the softness and warmth of other architectural styles - open floor plans; organic shapes, flowing curves, and rounded forms; sloped roofs; a few ornamental flourishes, variety in design elements and accents contrasted against a plain background. Natural and industrial materials, like wood, recycled materials, concrete, steel, and glass, coexist. Craft is evident in contemporary architecture as seen in woodworking, paneling, steel, and ornamental iron. Symmetry and asymmetry occur at the same time. Victorian elements such as sash set windows with divided lites, natural materials like marble and limestone, bold colors and patterns, occur in open spaces with large glass sliding doors bathed in natural light.
why i design contemporary homes…
At my architecture firm, I design contemporary homes for modern families. Contemporary architecture is about blending the best of historical styles with progressive, sustainable design principles to create beautiful and responsible homes.
I believe it's crucial that today’s architects understand building science and design high-performance green buildings that acknowledge the climate, take advantage of local materials, and tap into the latest construction technologies. There are so many innovative materials coming to market, advancements in solar panels, 3D printing, smart home systems, and better construction practices. Many US cities require that new buildings meet minimum energy efficiency standards. Many architects and builders are specializing in net zero homes and building to passive house standards.
Modernist architects had their agenda and their style reflected their goals. The irony is that if contemporary architects simply copy a modern style, they are being traditionalists, conforming to the attitudes of the past…. everything that modern architecture was vehemently against!
what’s your architectural style?
Have you ever thought about the philosophical underpinnings of architectural styles? Based on the ideologies and aesthetics described above, which architectural style resonates with you and your values? Are you more modern or traditional in your thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs? Or do you fall somewhere in between?
How do you want to be perceived? How do you want to live? What do you want to feel in your home? How do you intend to use spaces, entertain guests? What degree of connection, openness, and privacy do you want? These aspects and more are intertwined with the architectural style you choose.
Ultimately, the decision comes down to personal preference and what makes you feel at home. The most important thing is that your home reflects who you are and serves its purpose in your life. After all, it's your home to make your own!